Looking at Toni Morrison’s “Recitatif”

Throughout Toni Morrison’s “Recitatif,” Maggie represents a very particular reality in Twyla and Roberta’s moral considerations: As kids, because she is deaf and mute, they ridicule her, seeing no immediate negative ramifications for themselves. Later, they exclude her in follow-up conversations about that behavior, and they seek neither justice nor reconciliation. I contend that this empathic failure of ethics on behalf of Twyla and Roberta sheds light on more fundamental issues of who can express themselves within hierarchies based in power and oppression.

Covert Manipulation in “On Monday of Last Week”

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s short story, “On Monday of Last Week,” presents a somber image of power struggles between an anxious husband, Neil, his largely absent wife, Tracy, and their emotionally vulnerable babysitter, Kamara. In Kamara’s long adjustment to American life, she falls victim to her sexual and unpredictable employer’s manipulation, and must grapple with the consequences.

What does egalitarianism mean, in the context of three different types of capital?

In Pierre Bourdieu’s “The Forms of Capital,” he presents a clear extrapolation of the idea of capital, as originally presented by Marx and Engels. Rather than merely mentioning capital as a sort of single entity, which is the product of labor, reaped by the bourgeois capitalists, instead of the wage laborers, Bourdieu sees capital as much more multi-faceted. Indeed, the existence of economic capital—more or less identical to Marx and Engels’ ideations—is coupled with that of social capital and cultural capital, the latter of which may be divided into that which is embodied, objectified, and institutionalized. While this segregation of capital is in some ways liberating and enlightening, it is also grave and damning. When solely economic capital is considered, classism and inequality can be rather easily ameliorated with a reasonable strategy of regulation. Taxes and wealth (re)distribution can often greatly assist those clamoring for a more egalitarian society. However, because cultural and social capital hold inherent good, separate from any extraneous monetary benefit, and because they are often connotated with virtue, the task of forming an egalitarian society becomes much more challenging.